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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Services
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a chronic condition that affects millions of children and often persists into adulthood. ADHD involves a combination of challenges, such as difficulty sustaining attention, hyperactivity, and impulsive behavior. Executive functioning difficulties are often prevalent in those with ADHD, such as challenges with task planning and initiation, cognitive and physical organization, self-monitoring while engaged in a task, and flexible task shifting. Children and adults with ADHD may also struggle with low self-esteem, troubled relationships, and poor performance in school.
Types of ADHD:
There is some confusion around the terms ADD and ADHD, as one implies hyperactivity. In 2013, the DSM-5 was published, and the term ADD was removed as a diagnostic category. Since then, ADHD is the proper diagnostic label, consisting of three subtypes:
- ADHD-Inattentive Type: Previously referred to as ADD, characterized mainly by inattention and distractibility.
- ADHD-Hyperactive Type: Characterized mainly by hyperactivity and impulsive behaviors.
- ADHD-Combined Type: Characterized by a combination of inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms.
Common Symptoms of ADHD:
Inattentive Symptoms:
- Fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, work, or other activities
- Has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities
- Does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
- Does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace
- Has difficulty organizing tasks and activities
- Avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in tasks requiring sustained mental effort
- Loses things necessary for tasks or activities
- Is easily distracted by extraneous stimuli
- Is forgetful in daily activities
Hyperactivity Symptoms:
- Fidgets with or taps hands or feet, or squirms in seat
- Leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected
- Runs about or climbs in situations where it is inappropriate
- Is unable to play or take part in leisure activities quietly
- Is often “on the go”, acting as if “driven by a motor”
- Talks excessively
Impulsivity Symptoms:
- Blurts out an answer before a question has been completed
- Has trouble waiting his/her turn
- Interrupts or intrudes on others
Diagnosis of ADHD:
An ADHD diagnosis often includes an evaluation of an individual’s symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity. Rating scales, symptom checklists, and reports of an individual’s history of behavior from family members and teachers are used to help determine the presence and severity of symptoms and their impact on daily life. A comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation is usually recommended to better understand functioning and treatment options.
Treatment and Support for ADHD:
- Psychotherapy: Psychotherapy for ADHD focuses on addressing the psychosocial and emotional aspects of the disorder. This involves techniques to help individuals develop emotional regulation skills, improve self-esteem, and enhance interpersonal relationships. The therapy aims to support individuals in managing the emotional challenges associated with ADHD, such as frustration, impulsivity, and social difficulties, ultimately leading to improved overall well-being and functioning.
- Executive Functioning Support: Executive functioning support offers comprehensive strategies designed to enhance organization, time management, and study skills. This service is tailored for both children and adults with ADHD, providing them with practical tools to manage academic responsibilities and daily tasks more effectively. By developing personalized routines and methods for prioritizing tasks, individuals can achieve greater productivity and reduce the stress associated with disorganization and time constraints. This support fosters improved academic performance and better management of everyday activities, promoting overall success and well-being.
- School Accommodations: Adjustments in the learning environment, including extended time on tests, seating arrangements, and individualized instruction plans (IEPs or 504 plans), to support students’ unique needs and enhance their academic success.
- Neurofeedback: An innovative and non-invasive alternative to medication, neurofeedback involves real-time monitoring of brain activity to teach self-regulation of brain function. Individuals receive immediate feedback on their brain waves, allowing them to learn how to optimize brain patterns. This process can lead to significant improvements in attention, cognitive control, and emotional regulation, offering a powerful tool for managing ADHD and enhancing overall brain performance.
If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms of ADHD, please contact us to schedule an appointment or learn more about our treatment options.
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